A combined astrocyte - G-lymphatic model of epilepsy initiation, maintenance and termination

Although epilepsy afflicts numerous people worldwide, its dynamics are still controversial. Especially seizure termination is relatively unidentified. Here we suggest a coherent explanation to all stages of epilepsy, its genesis, seizure initiation and termination. We present biophysical features that could account for the phenomenon: all phases of epilepsy can be related to the brain's "waste disposal" systems. Although problems in the astrocytic system have already been suggested as a major player in this malfunction, the termination phase is not really understood. Here it is assumed to arise from a G-lymphatic clearance system. Our biophysical mechanism provides a coherent explanation of the phenomenon, offers support for the previously published mathematical model, and can shed light on the conflicting results encountered in norepinephrine measurements in epilepsy treatment.