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Updated: Jan 19, 2026

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Cognitive function after surgery with regional or general anesthesia: A population-based study.

Juraj Sprung1, Phillip J Schulte2, David S Knopman3

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

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|September 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surgery with regional anesthesia (RA) and general anesthesia (GA) in older adults are both associated with accelerated global cognitive decline. However, regional anesthesia did not impact memory, unlike general anesthesia.

Keywords:
Anesthesia: regionalAttention/executive functionCognitive agingCognitive z-scoresDomains: memoryGeneralGlobal cognitive scoresLanguageMayo Clinic Study of AgingOlder adultsSurgeryVisuospatial skills

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • General anesthesia (GA) is linked to long-term cognitive decline in older adults.
  • The impact of regional anesthesia (RA) on cognitive function requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the long-term cognitive decline associated with regional anesthesia (RA) versus general anesthesia (GA) in older adults.
  • To determine if RA accelerates cognitive decline similarly to GA.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study analyzed cognitive function in 1819 older adults.
  • Cognitive changes were assessed over time in participants who received RA or GA.
  • Statistical models evaluated the rate of change in global and domain-specific cognition.

Main Results:

  • Both RA and GA were associated with an increased rate of global cognitive decline compared to no anesthesia.
  • The rate of global cognitive decline did not differ significantly between RA and GA groups.
  • Accelerated memory decline was observed after GA, but not after RA.

Conclusions:

  • Older adults undergoing surgery with RA experience global cognitive decline comparable to those receiving GA.
  • Regional anesthesia does not appear to affect memory decline, unlike general anesthesia.