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Nanoparticles' interactions with vasculature in diseases.
Jie Kai Tee1, Li Xian Yip, Eveline Sheau Tan
1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore. cheltwd@nus.edu.sg.
Chemical Society Reviews
|September 10, 2019
Summary
Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) offer advanced biomedical applications. This review explores nanomaterial-induced endothelial leakiness (NanoEL) as a controllable method for drug delivery, moving beyond the limitations of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Nanotechnology
- Vascular Biology
Background:
- Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used in biomedicine for imaging and drug delivery.
- The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect is crucial for nanomedicine in cancer therapeutics but has limitations.
- Tumor microenvironment variability affects EPR, limiting consistent drug delivery.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the limitations of the EPR effect in anti-cancer drug delivery.
- To introduce and define nanomaterial-induced endothelial leakiness (NanoEL) as an alternative approach.
- To explore the potential of NanoEL in vascular-related diseases, including cancer.
Main Methods:
- Literature review summarizing current findings on the EPR effect.
- Analysis of NP-induced endothelial leakiness mechanisms.
- Discussion of NanoEL's unique features and applications.
Main Results:
- The EPR effect's limitations in cancer drug delivery are highlighted.
- NanoEL is presented as a controllable method for inducing endothelial leakiness.
- NanoEL offers potential applications beyond cancer therapeutics.
Conclusions:
- NanoEL represents a novel paradigm for inorganic NP utilization in biomedicine.
- This approach enhances drug delivery control across the endothelium.
- NanoEL broadens the scope of NP applications in vascular diseases.