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Updated: Jan 19, 2026
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis
Published on: June 19, 2025
In vitro bactericidal activity of amoxicillin combined with different cephalosporins against endocarditis-associated
Nathan Peiffer-Smadja1,2, Elena Guillotel3, David Luque-Paz3
1Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
Background:
The combination of amoxicillin with cefazolin could be an interesting regimen for the empirical therapy of severe infective endocarditis, but its activity against enterococci is unknown.
Objectives:
To evaluate in vitro the bactericidal activity of the combination of amoxicillin with different cephalosporins including cefazolin.
Methods:
Combinations of amoxicillin (at MIC×¼) with cefazolin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, ceftaroline or ceftobiprole (at the mean free plasma concentration) were studied using time-kill experiments for 10 endocarditis-associated Enterococcus faecalis strains and 2 reference strains.
Results:
The combinations amoxicillin/cefazolin, amoxicillin/cefotaxime, amoxicillin/ceftriaxone and amoxicillin/cefepime were synergistic at 12 and 24 h against 12/12 strains and amoxicillin/ceftobiprole and amoxicillin/ceftaroline against 10/12 strains. The combination amoxicillin/cefepime was bactericidal at 24 h against 9/12 strains, the combination amoxicillin/cefazolin against 8/12 strains, the combinations amoxicillin/ceftaroline, amoxicillin/cefotaxime and amoxicillin/ceftobiprole against 7/12 strains and the combination amoxicillin/ceftriaxone against 6/12 strains.
Conclusions:
The combination amoxicillin/cefazolin is as synergistic and bactericidal in vitro as amoxicillin/cefotaxime or amoxicillin/ceftriaxone against E. faecalis.
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