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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

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Current Updates on Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.

Boon Seng Liew1, Kiyoshi Takagi2, Yoko Kato3

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.

Asian Journal of Neurosurgery
|September 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a treatable neurodegenerative condition. Surgical intervention offers favorable outcomes for patients presenting with the characteristic triad of gait, cognitive, and urinary symptoms.

Keywords:
Diagnostic methodsidiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalusneuro-degenerative diseasesurgical management

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a clinical triad of gait disturbance, cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence.
  • While iNPH is surgically treatable with positive outcomes, accurate diagnosis and management require a comprehensive understanding of its multifaceted nature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH).
  • To discuss comorbidities, differential diagnoses, clinical presentations, and underlying pathology.
  • To summarize diagnostic imaging and clinical procedures, alongside treatment modalities, outcomes, and prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH).
  • Synthesis of information regarding clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic strategies.
  • Discussion of comorbidities, differential diagnoses, and prognostic factors.

Main Results:

  • Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) presents with a distinct triad of symptoms: gait disturbance, cognitive decline, and urinary dysfunction.
  • Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical evaluation, neuroimaging, and potentially cerebrospinal fluid dynamic studies.
  • Surgical treatment, such as shunting, can lead to significant improvement in symptoms and functional status.

Conclusions:

  • Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a clinically significant and treatable neurological condition.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis, considering comorbidities and differential diagnoses, is crucial for successful surgical management.
  • Comprehensive management and understanding of prognosis are essential for optimizing patient outcomes in iNPH.