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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Standardized In vitro Assays to Visualize and Quantify Interactions between Human Neutrophils and Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms
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Published on: June 8, 2022

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Nanomaterial Interactions with Human Neutrophils.

Paul W Bisso1, Stephanie Gaglione2, Pedro P G Guimarães1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
|September 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Human neutrophils rapidly internalize synthetic nanoparticles up to 200 nm. Particle uptake does not harm neutrophils, preserving their immune functions for drug delivery applications.

Keywords:
drug deliveryleukocytesnanomaterialsnanoparticlesneutrophils

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Last Updated: Jan 19, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Immunology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Neutrophils are critical immune cells and the primary interaction point for drug delivery systems.
  • Limited understanding exists regarding human neutrophil responses to synthetic particles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate human neutrophil interactions with synthetic particles of varying sizes and chemistries.
  • To inform the design of particulate drug delivery systems targeting neutrophils.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized ex vivo human neutrophils.
  • Assessed responses to particles ranging from 5 nm to 2 μm in size and composed of lipids, polystyrene, PLGA, and gold.

Main Results:

  • Neutrophil particle uptake is rapid, reaching a plateau within 15 minutes.
  • Neutrophils preferentially internalize larger nanoparticles (up to 200 nm) for a given material.
  • Uptake of nanoscale particles did not induce apoptosis, activation, or cell death.
  • Particle-laden neutrophils maintained normal degranulation capacity.
  • Ingested particles remained within intracellular compartments during neutrophil activation.

Conclusions:

  • Neutrophil interaction with synthetic particles is size-dependent and generally non-toxic.
  • These findings are crucial for designing nanoparticle-based therapeutics for neutrophil targeting.
  • Implications for targeting neutrophils, bone marrow clearance, and inflammatory sites are significant.