Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Types of Errors: Detection and Minimization

Types of Errors: Detection and Minimization

Error is the deviation of the obtained result from the true, expected value or the estimated central value. Errors are expressed in absolute or relative terms.
Absolute error in a measurement is the numerical difference from the true or central value. Relative error is the ratio between absolute error and the true or central value, expressed as a percentage.
Errors can be classified by source, magnitude, and sign. There are three types of errors: systematic, random, and gross.
Systematic or...

Cost Minimization Point

Cost Minimization Point

The cost minimization point is where a firm produces a given output at the lowest possible cost, given input prices. It occurs where an isoquant curve is tangent to the lowest achievable isocost line).
To illustrate, consider a firm that aims to produce 100 units of output using labor and capital. The isoquant for 100 units shows all efficient combinations of L and K that can produce this output level. Meanwhile, the isocost line reflects all combinations of these inputs that the firm can...

Probability Laws

Probability Laws

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents

A cost-benefit analysis is a weighing-scale approach that the brain performs during the course of decision making. Here, we propose a protocol to train rats on an operant-based decision-making paradigm where rats choose higher rewards at the expense of waiting for 15 s to receive...

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice

Giving in to temptation of tasty food may result in long-term overweight problems. This protocol describes how to reduce imprudent preference for edible commodities during hypothetical intertemporal choices in women by associating them with...

Probability in Statistics

Probability in Statistics

Probability is the likelihood of an event occurring. The term event is defined as a collection of results of a procedure. An event is a simple event when an outcome cannot be divided into simpler parts.
An example of a simple event is a coin toss. The result of a coin toss is either a head or a tail. Here, head and tail are two simple events. These two simple events make up the sample space. Further, the probability of an event occurring falls within the range of 0 to 1. The probability of an...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Representing objects and features in long-term memory: A case for direct feature-feature binding.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026

Same author

Assessing qualitative individual differences with Bayesian hierarchical latent-mixture models.

Psychological methods·2026

Same author

On the relationship between recognition judgments and truth judgments: Memory states moderate the recognition-based truth effect.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2025

Same author

On aggregation invariance of multinomial processing tree models.

Behavior research methods·2024

Same author

Sequential analysis of variance: Increasing efficiency of hypothesis testing.

Psychological methods·2024

Same author

Does sleep benefit source memory? Investigating 12-h retention intervals with a multinomial modeling approach.

Memory & cognition·2024

Same journal

Bayesian evaluation for latent variable models: A tutorial on computing information criteria and bayes factors with the r package bleval.

Psychological methods·2026

Same journal

A stochastic block prior for clustering in graphical models.

Psychological methods·2026

Same journal

Three-level vector autoregressive models.

Psychological methods·2026

Same journal

Scaling cognitive modeling to big data: A deep learning approach to studying individual differences in evidence accumulation model parameters.

Psychological methods·2026

Same journal

Best practices in multilevel modeling for within-cluster group comparisons: An evaluation of coding strategies reflecting group composition and heterogeneity.

Psychological methods·2026

Same journal

A unified framework for psychometrics in experimental psychology: The standardized generalized hierarchical factor model.

Psychological methods·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Cost Minimization Point

Cost Minimization Point

Controlling decision errors with minimal costs: The sequential probability ratio t test.

Martin Schnuerch¹, Edgar Erdfelder¹

¹Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim.

Psychological Methods

|September 10, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Sequential statistical tests, like the sequential probability ratio test (SPRT), offer a solution to the reproducibility crisis by reducing sample sizes while controlling statistical errors in psychological research.

More Related Videos

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents

Published on: September 10, 2018

Types of Errors: Detection and Minimization

Types of Errors: Detection and Minimization

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Cost Minimization Point

Cost Minimization Point

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents

Published on: September 10, 2018

Types of Errors: Detection and Minimization

Types of Errors: Detection and Minimization

Area of Science:

Psychological Science
Statistical Methods

Background:

The field of psychological science faces a reproducibility crisis, highlighting issues with statistical decision errors.
Traditional statistical methods often necessitate large sample sizes for reliable error control.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and evaluate the sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) as an efficient alternative for hypothesis testing in psychology.
To demonstrate the SPRT's ability to reduce sample sizes without compromising statistical error probabilities.

Main Methods:

Discussion of the sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) design.
Implementation of the SPRT for a 2-sample t-test using statistical software.
Simulations to assess error probability control and sample size efficiency.
Investigation of the SPRT's robustness against assumption violations.

Main Results:

The SPRT reliably controls statistical error probabilities.
The SPRT typically requires substantially smaller sample sizes compared to standard t-tests and other sequential designs.
The SPRT demonstrates robustness against violations of its underlying assumptions.

Conclusions:

Sequential statistical tests, particularly the SPRT, are valuable tools for addressing the reproducibility crisis in psychology.
The SPRT offers a practical and efficient method for psychologists to reduce sample sizes and improve research efficiency.
Recommendations are provided for the application of sequential t-tests in psychological research.