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Imaging Findings in Transgender Patients after Gender-affirming Surgery
Justin T Stowell1, Frances W Grimstad1, Daniel L Kirkpatrick1
1From the Department of Radiology, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, 4401 Wornall Rd, Kansas City, MO 64111 (J.T.S.); Department of Radiology (J.T.S., A.K.P., S.A.S., K.J.A.) and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (F.W.G.), University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, 4401 Wornall Rd, Kansas City, MO 64111; Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Mo (F.W.G.); Department of Radiology (D.L.K., E.R.B) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.A.S.), University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kan; Department of Radiology (D.L.K., E.R.B) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.A.S.), University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, Kan; Brownstein-Crane Surgical Services, Austin, Tex (R.A.S.); Brownstein-Crane Surgical Services, San Francisco, Calif (C.C.); Department of Radiology, Liberty Hospital, Liberty, Mo (A.K.P.); Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (J.P.); Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (J.P); Department of Radiology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (M.A.F., F.R.F.); Department of Radiology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil (A.H.B., R.H.B.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (C.C.W.); Department of Radiology, Truman Medical Centers, Kansas City, Mo (S.A.S.); and Department of Radiology, Saint Luke's Hospital of Kansas City, Kansas City, Mo (K.J.A.).
Gender-affirming surgeries, including those for transgender women and men, are increasingly common. Radiologists need to understand unique imaging features for accurate interpretation of these procedures.
Area of Science:
- Radiology
- Medical Imaging
- Gender-Affirming Care
Background:
- Gender-affirming surgeries are crucial for transgender patients' physical transition.
- Increased acceptance and insurance coverage have boosted demand for these procedures.
- Specific imaging challenges exist for both transgender women and men.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the imaging features of gender-affirming surgeries.
- To inform radiologists about unique anatomic and pathologic changes.
- To improve diagnostic accuracy in post-surgical transgender patients.
Main Methods:
- Review of imaging modalities used in gender-affirming surgeries.
- Discussion of specific procedures like vaginoplasty, phalloplasty, and mastectomy.
- Emphasis on MRI for post-vaginoplasty and urethrography for male genital reconstruction.
Main Results:
- MRI offers superior contrast for post-vaginoplasty evaluation.
- Urethrography is standard for assessing male neourethral complications.
- Imaging findings vary significantly based on the specific surgical procedure.
Conclusions:
- Radiologists require specialized knowledge of gender-affirming surgery imaging.
- Awareness of unique post-surgical changes is essential for accurate interpretation.
- Further literature detailing imaging features is needed.
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