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MAIT cells in metabolic diseases.

Léo Bertrand1, Agnès Lehuen2

  • 1Institut Cochin, CNRS, UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Master de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Université de Lyon, 69342, Lyon Cedex 07, France.

Molecular Metabolism
|September 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells, involved in inflammation, are implicated in metabolic diseases. Their altered state suggests MAIT cells could be a new therapeutic target for liver and pancreas conditions.

Keywords:
DiabetesLiverMetabolic diseaseMicrobiotaMucosal associated invariant T cellsPancreas

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Metabolic diseases involve widespread metabolic alterations and inflammation, implicating the immune system.
  • Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells recognize microbial vitamin B metabolites and can promote inflammation.
  • MAIT cells are found in key metabolic organs, suggesting a role in metabolic disease development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the involvement of MAIT cells in human and mouse metabolic pathologies.
  • To explore the potential of MAIT cells as therapeutic targets in metabolic diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on MAIT cells in metabolic diseases.
  • Analysis of MAIT cell frequency, activation, and phenotype in metabolic conditions.

Main Results:

  • MAIT cells are severely affected in metabolic diseases, showing overactivation.
  • A reduction in MAIT cell frequency and a shift towards a deleterious phenotype are observed.
  • MAIT cells are present in organs central to metabolism, like the liver and pancreas.

Conclusions:

  • MAIT cells play a significant role in the inflammation associated with metabolic diseases.
  • The altered state of MAIT cells suggests they are a potential novel therapeutic target.
  • Targeting MAIT cells may offer new treatment strategies for pancreas and liver metabolic diseases.