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Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Liver Cold Storage and Transplantation in the Cold-Adaptive Daurian Ground Squirrels
Published on: July 3, 2025
Anesthetic Considerations for Liver Transplantation in a Patient with Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal
Jai Madhok1, Jason Leong1, Jed Cohn1
1Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.
Abstract:
Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy (MNGIE) is a rare, complex mitochondrial disorder with variable phenotypes caused by a defect in the TYMP gene that codes for the thymidine phosphorylase enzyme. Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) has been proposed as a curative option for patients by using the liver as a source to restore thymidine phosphorylase levels in the body. Anesthetic considerations for this syndrome have not been clearly outlined in the past. We describe the clinical presentation of a young woman with MNGIE, her perioperative assessment, and intraoperative management during liver transplantation.
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