Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Metabolic Profile Analysis of Zebrafish Embryos
Published on: January 14, 2013
The Effect of Efavirenz on Estradiol Metabolism in Transgender Women
Matthew C Leinung1, Cynthia H Miller2, Babak Tehrani3
1Division of Endocrinology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York.
Abstract:
The goal of hormonal therapy in treating gender dysphoria is to maintain cross-sex hormone levels in the normal physiological range for the desired gender. Estrogen is the mainstay of hormonal therapy for male to female transgender patients. Efavirenz, a non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, has been one of the most commonly prescribed antiretroviral therapies (ARTs). However, this regimen has also given rise to the most clinically significant drug-drug interactions between ARTs and hormone-based contraceptives. We discuss here three transgender HIV-positive women in whom efavirenz effected the metabolism of orally administered estradiol (and probably medroxyprogesterone).
Related Concept Videos
What is Metabolism?
05:41Metabolic Profile Analysis of Zebrafish Embryos
06:24Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
08:42Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
08:29Measurement of Four Uterine NK Cell Subtypes Using Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining in Women with Repeated Implantation Failure
14:43A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting

