A new reliable test for crossmatching: microplate hydrogel immunoassay technology

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Transfusion Medicine
• Clinical Chemistry

Background:

• China mandates both major and minor crossmatch tests for blood transfusions.
• Traditional tube anti-human globulin tests are time-consuming and involve tedious washing.
• Microcolumn gel immunoassay anti-human globulin tests are sensitive to sample quality.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and evaluate a novel microplate hydrogel immunoassay for detecting incomplete antibodies in crossmatching.
• To provide a more efficient and reliable alternative to existing crossmatching methods.

Main Methods:

• Utilized a patented hydrogel chromatography medium in U-bottom microplates pre-coated with goat anti-human globulin (AHG).
• Red blood cells (RBCs) and serum mixtures were centrifuged through the hydrogel.
• Analyzed RBC capture by pre-coated AHG for incompatible reactions versus button formation for compatible reactions.

Main Results:

• The microplate hydrogel immunoassay demonstrated greater convenience and slightly higher sensitivity than the tube anti-human globulin test.
• The novel assay outperformed microcolumn gel immunoassays when testing aged blood specimens.
• The assay effectively detected incomplete antibodies in crossmatching.

Conclusions:

• The microplate hydrogel immunoassay is a viable and suitable method for routine clinical crossmatching.
• This assay addresses limitations of current methods, offering improved efficiency and reliability.
• It provides a valuable tool for detecting incomplete antibodies, crucial for transfusion safety.