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Updated: Jan 19, 2026

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Explaining delusional beliefs: a hybrid model.

Kengo Miyazono1, Ryan McKay2

  • 1Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima City , Japan.

Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
|September 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study proposes a hybrid theory of delusion development, integrating the two-factor and prediction error theories. It suggests delusions stem from abnormal prediction errors and overestimating their precision, offering a unified account.

Keywords:
Delusionsbelief formationcognitive neuropsychiatryprediction error theorytwo-factor theory

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Delusions are complex phenomena with competing theoretical explanations.
  • The two-factor theory and prediction error theory offer distinct perspectives on delusion formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present and defend a hybrid theory integrating key aspects of the two-factor and prediction error theories of delusion development.
  • To provide a unified and parsimonious account of delusions.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of the central tenets of the two-factor theory and prediction error theory.
  • Development and theoretical defense of a novel hybrid model.

Main Results:

  • The proposed hybrid theory posits delusions arise from abnormal prediction errors and overestimation of their precision.
  • The hybrid model is presented as internally coherent and a genuine integration of the two theories.

Conclusions:

  • A reconciliation between the two-factor and prediction error theories of delusion is achievable and beneficial.
  • The hybrid theory offers a unified framework for understanding diverse types of delusions across various medical conditions.