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Updated: Jan 19, 2026
Intellectual Disability
Comorbidities in children with intellectual disabilities
Snezana R Markovic-Jovanovic1, Jelena D Milovanovic1, Aleksandar N Jovanovic2
1Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Pristina, K. Mitrovica.
Insights
Intellectual disability (ID) risk increases with familial disorders and congenital anomalies. Children with ID exhibit higher rates of congenital and acquired disorders, with Apgar score predicting morbidity.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Genetics
- Developmental Biology
Background:
- Intellectual disability (ID) affects 2%-3% of newborns, often with unidentified causes.
- Understanding risk factors and comorbidities is crucial for early intervention and management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore correlations between intellectual disability and various perinatal and medical factors.
- To estimate the prevalence and severity of comorbidities in children with ID.
Main Methods:
- A comparative study involving 22 children diagnosed with ID and 24 typically developing children (aged 5-10).
- Analysis of factors including gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score, familial diseases, congenital anomalies, and acquired medical disorders.
Main Results:
- Familial disorders and central nervous system (CNS) congenital anomalies significantly increased ID risk (4.147x and 2.59x, respectively).
- Children with ID showed higher risks for other congenital (7.38x) and noncongenital diseases (1.4x).
- Apgar score emerged as a sensitive predictor for both congenital and noncongenital medical conditions.
Conclusions:
- Children with intellectual disabilities have a greater incidence of congenital diseases, familial disorders, and acquired conditions.
- Apgar score is a valuable indicator of morbidity in children with intellectual disabilities.
Background:
Intellectual disability (ID) is registered in 2%-3% of newborns. In most cases, the causes are not identifiable.
Objective:
We explored the correlation between the intellectual disability and gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score, familial diseases, congenital anomalies, and acquired medical disorders, with the aim to estimate the prevalence and severity of comorbidities in the affected children.
Methods:
Our study included 22 children with ID, and 24 with proper psychomotor development, aged 5-10 who were not considered to have ID.
Results:
The presence of familial disorders and CNS congenital anomalies increased the risk of ID 4.147 and 2.59 times, respectively. The risk for other congenital and noncongenital diseases was higher (7.38 and 1.4 times, respectively) in children with intellectual disability.
Conclusions:
Children with intellectual disabilities have higher incidence of congenital diseases, family disorders and a higher frequency of acquired disorders during childhood. Apgar score is a sensitive predictor of morbidity regarding congenital as well as noncongenital medical conditions.
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