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Self-referenced spiral interferogram using modified lateral shearing Mach-Zehnder interferometer.

Praveen Kumar, Naveen K Nishchal

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    Summary

    Vortex beams create spiral interference patterns when combined with a displaced copy. This technique precisely measures orbital angular momentum and topological charge, with applications in optical communication and interferometry.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Quantum Information Science

    Background:

    • Vortex beams carry orbital angular momentum (OAM).
    • Interference with a reference beam is used to measure OAM.
    • Determining the sign of the topological charge is crucial for OAM applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a novel method for determining the topological charge of vortex beams.
    • To analyze the interference patterns produced by a vortex beam and its converging, laterally displaced copy.
    • To provide a theoretical framework for understanding the observed interference phenomena.

    Main Methods:

    • Generating vortex beams.
    • Interfering a vortex beam with its converging and laterally displaced copy.
    • Analyzing the resulting spiral interference fringes.
    • Developing a theoretical model for intensity and phase profiles.

    Main Results:

    • Vortex beams produce distinct spiral interference fringes when interfered with a displaced copy.
    • The observed fringes allow for precise determination of the topological charge, including its sign.
    • Theoretical analysis accurately describes the intensity and phase profiles of the interference.

    Conclusions:

    • The demonstrated interference technique offers a robust method for OAM characterization.
    • This technique has potential applications in optical communication and spiral interferometry.
    • The ability to determine the sign of the topological charge enhances OAM-based technologies.