Tilted wavefront coding system to eliminate the retroreflection with superior imaging property

Since some previous methods sacrifice too much imaging quality to achieve the valid retroreflection reduction, a novel image plane tilted system combined with the wavefront coding is proposed in this paper, which could improve the privacy and security of the imaging equipment by eliminating the retroreflection without suffering significant degradation in imaging quality. First, the theoretical model of the tilted wavefront coding system is established based on the wave-optics theory. According to the derived point spread function and the modulation transfer function, the maximum tilt angle of the image plane is obtained. Second, the target system is designed and optimized by Zemax, and the later simulation analyzes the effects of the tilting on both the retroreflection and the imaging property. Finally, the experiments verify the simulation results. It shows that when the tilt angle equals 5°, there is no longer significant retroreflection on the observation plane with the total receiving power decreasing to nearly 4 orders of magnitude compared with the state without tilting. Moreover, within the maximum tilt angle, the final decoded images of the wavefront coding system still maintain superior clarity and uniformity for both the artificial and the natural objects. Consequently, the BRISQUE index is reduced by 15.92% and 28.19%, respectively, compared with the conventional imaging system, which indicates that the image quality is significantly improved by the proposed system. In conclusion, the technique of wavefront coding could effectively compensate for the high-order aberrations induced by the tilting and preserve a large field of view for precise imaging with no retroreflection, which shows us a broad prospect.