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Updated: Jan 19, 2026
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Optimal management of gestational diabetes
Aoife M Egan1, Fidelma P Dunne2
1Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Background:
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is highly prevalent and has both short- and long-term implications for mother and infant.
Sources Of Data:
Literature search using PubMed with keywords 'Gestational diabetes' and 'diabetes in pregnancy' together with published papers known to the authors.
Areas Of Agreement:
The cornerstone of management is medical nutrition therapy with regular self-monitoring of capillary blood glucose levels and intensification of therapy if glycaemic goals are not achieved. Post-partum, annual assessment for type 2 diabetes is recommended.
Areas Of Controversy:
Diagnostic criteria and new biomarkers for GDM and the clinical and economic benefits of treating women with milder levels of glucose intolerance during pregnancy.
Growing Points:
Women with GDM are a heterogeneous group with varying degrees of insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction.
Areas Timely For Developing Research:
Development of alternative diagnostic markers and application of novel technologies for GDM management.
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