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Updated: Jan 19, 2026

A Low Mortality Rat Model to Assess Delayed Cerebral Vasospasm After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
07:03

A Low Mortality Rat Model to Assess Delayed Cerebral Vasospasm After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Published on: January 17, 2013

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Early, delayed, and expanded intracranial hemorrhage in cerebral venous thrombosis

Banafsheh Shakibajahromi1,2,3, Afshin Borhani-Haghighi1, Mehrnaz Ghaedian4

  • 1Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Acta Neurologica Scandinavica
|September 11, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Male gender, early hemorrhages, acute onset, and focal neurologic deficits increase the risk of delayed or expanded intracranial hemorrhage in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis patients. Anticoagulant use did not impact these outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a key prognostic factor in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST).
  • Understanding risk factors for early, delayed, and expanded ICH is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the risk factors, clinical, and radiologic characteristics of early, delayed, and expanded ICH in Iranian CVST patients.
  • To identify predictors for different types of intracranial hemorrhage in CVST.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 174 adult CVST patients (August 2012 - September 2016).
  • Collected demographic, clinical, and radiologic data.
  • Logistic regression analysis to assess predictors of early, delayed, and expanded ICH.

Main Results:

  • 35.1% of patients experienced early ICH; 5% had delayed ICH; 7.4% had expanded ICH.
  • Higher age and multiple sinus involvement were associated with early ICH.
  • Delayed ICH risk increased with early hemorrhage, male gender, and focal neurologic deficit.
  • Acute onset predicted early ICH expansion, while female gender-related conditions reduced expansion risk.

Conclusions:

  • Male gender, early hemorrhages, acute onset, and focal neurologic deficits are significant risk factors for delayed and/or expanded hemorrhages in CVST.
  • Anticoagulant administration showed no association with delayed or expanded hemorrhage.
Abstract

Keywords:
acute strokecerebral venous sinus thrombosiscerebral venous thrombosishemorrhage expansionintracranial hemorrhage

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