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Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Standard Deviation
01:27

Standard Deviation

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Standard Deviations: The Biological Bases of Transmission Ratio Distortion

Lila Fishman1, Mariah McIntosh1

  • 1Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA;

Annual Review of Genetics
|September 11, 2019
PubMed

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Standard Deviation01:10

Standard Deviation

The most commonly used measure of variation is the standard deviation. It is a numerical value measuring how far data values are from their mean. The standard deviation value is small when the data are concentrated close to the mean, exhibiting slight variation or spread. The standard deviation value is never negative, it is either positive or zero. The standard deviation is larger when the data values are more spread out from the mean, which means the data values are exhibiting more variation.
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Standard Deviation01:27

Standard Deviation

Standard Deviation
Standard deviation is a statistical measure quantifying the degree of variation or dispersion in a set of values. It is particularly useful in finance for assessing the volatility and risk associated with investment returns. By calculating the standard deviation, investors can gain a clearer understanding of how much an investment's returns deviate from the mean return over a given period, thus providing insight into the investment's overall risk profile.
To compute...
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Variation: Normal Distribution, Range, and Standard Deviation02:32

Variation: Normal Distribution, Range, and Standard Deviation

In the field of psychology, there are several ways to organize measurements of a trait, feature, or characteristic (i.e., variables). Qualitative data, such as ethnicity, can be tabulated into a frequency count to provide information about the proportion, as well as the variety of groups in a sample or population. On the other hand, researchers can perform a wider set of calculations on quantitative data. The mean, mode, and median, for instance, are central tendency measures to identify a...
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Calculating Standard Deviation01:08

Calculating Standard Deviation

The standard deviation is the most common measure of variation. It is a value that tells us how far a data value is from the mean value in a dataset. Further, the standard deviation is always a positive value or zero.
The standard deviation value is small when all the data is concentrated close to the mean. Here the data exhibits low variation. The standard deviation value is larger when the data values are more spread out from the mean. Here, the data displays high...
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Standard Deviation of Calculated Results01:14

Standard Deviation of Calculated Results

Standard deviation measures the spread of data around the mean value. Many large data sets follow a Gaussian distribution, also known as a normal distribution. This distribution is bell-shaped curved, with the most frequently observed value (mean or central value) in the middle. The farther away from the central value, the greater the deviation from the central value, and the lower the frequency.
A broad Gaussian distribution curve has a wider standard deviation, representing a data set with...
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Estimating Population Standard Deviation01:26

Estimating Population Standard Deviation

When the population standard deviation is unknown and the sample size is large, the sample standard deviation s is commonly used as a point estimate of σ. However, it can sometimes under or overestimate the population standard deviation. To overcome this drawback, confidence intervals are determined to estimate population parameters and eliminate any calculation bias accurately. However, this only applies to random samples from normally distributed populations. Knowing the sample mean and...
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