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Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery
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Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance in Niger: Increased Importance of Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup C, and

Mamadou Kourna Hama1, Dam Khan2, Boubou Laouali1

  • 1Laboratoire Hopital National de Niamey, Niger.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|September 11, 2019
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Meningitis remains a significant threat in Niger, with Streptococcus pneumoniae cases declining after PCV13 vaccine introduction. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C is now the primary cause of meningococcal meningitis.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Meningitis is a prevalent infectious disease in Niger.
  • Key vaccines, including Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), were introduced in 2008 and 2014.
  • A vaccination campaign targeting Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A occurred in 2010-2011.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate changes in the distribution of bacterial meningitis pathogens in Niger.
  • To assess the impact of vaccination campaigns on meningitis epidemiology.
  • To analyze pathogen prevalence from 2010 to 2016.

Main Methods:

  • Hospital-based surveillance data from children under 5 years old with suspected meningitis were analyzed.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were tested for vaccine-preventable bacterial pathogens.
  • Pathogen identification, serotyping/grouping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole genome sequencing were performed.

Main Results:

  • Bacterial meningitis was confirmed in 273 patients, with Neisseria meningitidis (48%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (45%) being the most common pathogens.
  • A significant decrease in Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis cases was observed post-PCV13 introduction (from 34 in 2014 to 16 in 2016).
  • Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C (NmC) was the predominant serogroup (59%) causing meningococcal meningitis.

Conclusions:

  • Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae continue to be major causes of meningitis in Niger.
  • The observed decline in S. pneumoniae meningitis following PCV13 vaccination is a positive development.
  • NmC is identified as the leading serogroup responsible for N. meningitidis meningitis in the region.
Keywords:
N. meningitidisS. pneumoniaeNigercerebrospinal fluidmeningitis

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