The Mediterranean Diet and Breast Cancer: A Personalised Approach.

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Nutritional Science
• Genetics

Background:

• Breast cancer risk is influenced by diet, but genetic factors are often overlooked.
• Personalized nutrition strategies integrating genomics are emerging.
• The Mediterranean diet is a well-studied dietary pattern with potential health benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the impact of the Mediterranean diet on breast cancer risk and progression.
• To explore the role of genetic background in diet-gene interactions related to breast cancer.
• To evaluate the potential of personalized nutrition based on genotype for breast cancer prevention and treatment.

Main Methods:

• Literature search conducted across MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE.
• Keywords included genomics, nutrigenomics, breast cancer, nutrigenetics, diet-gene interaction, and Mediterranean diet.
• Review of existing studies on Mediterranean diet, nutrients, gene expression, and genotype interactions.

Main Results:

• The Mediterranean diet and its nutrients show potential benefits for breast cancer.
• Diet-gene interactions can modify breast cancer risk and progression.
• Nutrients in the Mediterranean diet may have synergistic effects on breast cancer treatment when modulated by genotype.

Conclusions:

• A gene-based personalized diet, particularly a Mediterranean-style pattern, shows preliminary evidence of benefit for breast cancer.
• Further clinical trials are essential to validate personalized, gene-based dietary approaches for breast cancer management.