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Entropy02:39

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Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
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Source: Ketron Mitchell-Wynne, PhD, Asantha Cooray, PhD, Department of Physics & Astronomy, School of Physical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA
The second law of thermodynamics is a fundamental law of nature. It states that the entropy of a system always increases over time or remains constant in ideal cases when a system is in a steady state or undergoing a "reversible process." If the system is undergoing an irreversible process, the entropy of the system will...
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The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
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Entropy is a state function, so the standard entropy change for a chemical reaction (ΔS°rxn) can be calculated from the difference in standard entropy between the products and the reactants.
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The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
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A living cell's primary tasks of obtaining, transforming, and using energy to do work may seem simple. However, the second law of thermodynamics explains why these tasks are harder than they appear. None of the energy transfers in the universe are completely efficient. In every energy transfer, some amount of energy is lost in a form that is unusable. In most cases, this form is heat energy. Thermodynamically, heat energy is defined as the energy transferred from one system to another that...
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Entropy; State Property and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
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Visit Entropy Associated with Diabetic Control Outcomes.

Benjamin T Dilger1, Margaret C Gill1, Jill G Lenhart1

  • 1From Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 (BTD, MCG, GMG); Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, WI 55703 (JGL).

Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM
|September 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Lower visit entropy (VE), indicating more organized care, is linked to better type 2 diabetes control. This novel measure of care organization is crucial for improving patient outcomes in team-based healthcare settings.

Keywords:
Chronic DiseaseContinuity of Patient CareEntropyPatient-Centered CarePrimary Health CareRetrospective StudiesTelephoneType 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Chronic Disease Management
  • Healthcare Organization

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes poses a significant burden on healthcare systems, increasing morbidity and mortality.
  • Team-based care models, while improving chronic disease management, can negatively impact traditional continuity of care metrics.
  • Visit entropy (VE) offers a new way to measure care organization in team-based approaches, with higher VE linked to poorer outcomes like hospital readmissions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between visit entropy (VE) and adherence to D5 quality criteria in type 2 diabetes management.
  • To determine if VE is a better indicator of care organization than traditional continuity metrics in medical home practices.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study analyzed data from 6590 adult diabetic patients across 5 medical home practices.
  • Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between VE and D5 control.
  • Separate models examined usual provider continuity, continuity of care index, and sequence continuity.

Main Results:

  • Higher VE, signifying less organized care, was associated with decreased odds of achieving D5 control (OR = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80-0.97).
  • Traditional continuity of care measures did not show significant associations with D5 control.
  • Age, education level, and initial HbA1c were significant factors influencing D5 control.

Conclusions:

  • More organized care, indicated by lower VE, is associated with improved odds of D5 diabetic control.
  • VE is a more effective measure of care organization in team-based medical home settings compared to traditional continuity metrics.
  • Optimizing care organization through strategies that lower VE may enhance diabetes management outcomes.