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Related Experiment Video

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Adaptive Evolution of C-Type Lysozyme in Vampire Bats.

Chunzheng He1, Yujia Wei1, Yubo Zhu1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.

Journal of Molecular Evolution
|September 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Chicken-type lysozymes in bats show adaptive evolution, particularly in vampire bats. These immune system proteins may have evolved to aid antimicrobial defense due to specialized feeding habits.

Keywords:
Chicken-type lysozymeChiropteraPositive selectionSanguivorousVampire bat

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Immunology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Chicken-type lysozymes (c-type) are crucial for innate immunity in mammals, targeting bacterial cell walls.
  • Previous studies focused on c-type lysozyme evolution in ruminants and insectivorous bats, often linked to digestion.
  • The Phyllostomidae bat family, with diverse diets, lacked studies on c-type lysozyme evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolution of c-type lysozyme genes in the dietary-diverse Phyllostomidae bat family.
  • To identify adaptive changes in c-type lysozyme, especially in relation to specialized diets like sanguivory (blood-feeding).

Main Methods:

  • Sequencing and analysis of c-type lysozyme genes from four phyllostomid species: common vampire bat, white-winged vampire bat, lesser long-nosed bat, and big fruit-eating bat.
  • Identification of gene copy numbers and analysis of evolutionary pressures (positive selection) on lysozyme sequences.
  • Prediction of functional impacts of amino acid substitutions in mature lysozymes.

Main Results:

  • A single c-type lysozyme gene was identified in each of the studied phyllostomid species.
  • Evidence of positive selection was detected on lineages leading to vampire bats, but not in other single-copy lysozyme bats.
  • Specific amino acid substitutions in vampire bat lysozymes suggest functional changes potentially related to their diet.

Conclusions:

  • C-type lysozyme has undergone adaptive evolution in vampire bats, distinct from digestive adaptations seen in other groups.
  • Functional adaptations in vampire bat lysozymes may enhance antimicrobial defense, possibly linked to the unique challenges of blood-feeding.
  • This study highlights the role of c-type lysozyme in immune adaptation within diverse mammalian groups.