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Ions and Ionic Charges03:27

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In ordinary chemical reactions, the nucleus — which contains the protons and neutrons of each atom and thus identifies the element — remains unchanged. Electrons, however, can be added to atoms by transfer from other atoms, lost by transfer to other atoms, or shared with other atoms. The transfer and sharing of electrons among atoms govern the chemistry of the elements. During the formation of some compounds, atoms gain or lose electrons to form electrically charged particles called...
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Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
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The Effect of Construction and Demolition Waste Plastic Fractions on Wood-Polymer Composite Properties
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Nanofibrillar Ionic Polymer Composites Enable High-Modulus Ion-Conducting Membranes.

Ryan J Fox, Deyang Yu1, Maruti Hegde

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|September 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary

We developed a new polymer-electrolyte membrane (PEM) using sulfonated aramid and ionic liquids. This composite offers high modulus and ionic conductivity for advanced gas separations and energy storage applications.

Keywords:
compositeion gelionic liquidliquid crystalmoduluspolymerpolymer electrolyte membrane

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) are crucial for gas separations and energy applications.
  • High ionic liquid (IL) content and modulus in PEMs are desired for next-generation devices.
  • Existing PEMs often struggle to balance high IL loading with mechanical integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel conductive polymer-IL composite (PBDT-IL) for high-performance membranes.
  • To demonstrate the formation of nanofibrillar networks enabling high IL fractions and modulus.
  • To investigate the thermomechanical and electrochemical properties of the new composite.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of polymer-IL composite membranes using sulfonated all-aromatic polyamide (sulfo-aramid, PBDT) and a model IL.
  • Characterization using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) to confirm nanofibrillar network formation.
  • Measurement of thermomechanical properties (modulus) and ionic conductivity at various temperatures.

Main Results:

  • Direct evidence of nanofibrillar networks acting as matrices for dispersed ILs was observed.
  • The PBDT-IL composite achieved a unique combination of high room-temperature modulus (0.1-2 GPa) and ionic conductivity (8-4 mS cm-1).
  • Exceptional thermal stability (up to 350 °C) and high modulus (∼1 GPa) up to 200 °C were demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • Nanofibrillar ionic networks based on sulfo-aramids and ILs offer a new design for PEMs with high modulus at low polymer concentrations.
  • The PBDT-IL composite exhibits superior thermomechanical properties and stability, suitable for demanding applications.
  • This approach paves the way for advanced gas separation membranes and electrochemical devices like fuel cells and batteries.