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Presystemic elimination, or the first-pass effect, is the metabolism of drugs that reduces their effective concentration at the site of action. Apart from the first-pass effect, the systemic bioavailability of the drug is also reduced by other factors, including incomplete absorption or chemical degradation of drugs.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

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Impact of Pharmacy School Characteristics on NAPLEX First-time Pass Rates.

Jennifer S Williams1, Christina A Spivey1, Tracy M Hagemann1

  • 1University of Tennessee College of Pharmacy, Memphis, Tennessee.

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
|September 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pharmacy school location within an academic health center and older establishment dates correlate with higher first-time North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) pass rates. These factors, along with PGY1 residency matching, predict student success.

Keywords:
North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (NAPLEX)examinationlicensurepharmacy education

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacy Education
  • Health Professions Education
  • Licensure Examination Performance

Background:

  • The North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) is critical for pharmacist licensure in the US.
  • Understanding factors influencing NAPLEX first-time pass rates is essential for pharmacy programs.
  • Pharmacy school characteristics may impact student preparedness for the NAPLEX.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between pharmacy school characteristics and first-time NAPLEX pass rates.
  • To identify specific institutional factors that correlate with higher student examination success.
  • To inform pharmacy programs on potential areas for curriculum and student support enhancement.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of NAPLEX first-time pass rates from 2014-2016.
  • Inclusion of all US accredited colleges of pharmacy.
  • Statistical analysis including t tests, correlational analysis, and multiple linear regression.

Main Results:

  • Schools within academic health centers, established before 2000, and public institutions showed higher pass rates.
  • A traditional four-year program structure was linked to higher 2016 pass rates compared to accelerated programs.
  • Previous year's NAPLEX pass rate and PGY1 residency match percentage significantly predicted current pass rates.

Conclusions:

  • Certain pharmacy school characteristics are correlated with NAPLEX first-time pass rates.
  • While some factors are unmodifiable, programs should focus on evaluating educational strategies and student readiness.
  • Proactive program evaluation is key to improving student outcomes on the NAPLEX.