Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Stress and Mental Health
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Stress and Mental Health

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The World Trade Center attack: mental health needs and treatment implications

Daniel B Herman1, Ezra S Susser2

  • 1Assistant Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, and Research Scientist, Epidemiology of Mental Disorders Research Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute.

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Stress and Mental Health01:30

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Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
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Mental Status Examination35:03

Mental Status Examination

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The mental status exam is a clinical evaluation of emotional, perceptual, and cognitive functioning that spans both the fields of psychiatry and neurology. Developing skill in the psychiatric portions of the examination are important to describe salient aspects of the patient's mental state that may be observed during routine history and/or physical exam. Proficiency in the cognitive portions...
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Source: Laboratory of Jonathan Flombaum—Johns Hopkins University
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When acids come into contact with concrete, they initiate a chemical reaction that dissolves the hydrated cement paste. This process leads to softening and structural weakening of the concrete. This issue is commonly observed in environments such as chimneys, sewers, and industrial settings. The severity of the damage increases as the pH of the water interacting with the concrete drops below 6.5. In particular, a pH under 4.5 can cause significant concrete damage.
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Trade-offs01:25

Trade-offs

Trade-offs are inherent in decision-making processes for consumers, workers, firms, and societies, reflecting the necessity of making choices amidst competing options. For consumers, trade-offs involve allocating limited resources, such as time and money, among various goods and services. For instance, individuals may trade between spending money on entertainment or saving for future investments.
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