RECOVERY: International efforts at implementing and advancing the recovery model

For almost a century the medical model has been the overarching framework for mental healthcare but since the 1980s it has been challenged by a consumer/survivor movement. Central to this revolution is the recovery model, which suggests that mental illness is only one of many facets of the life of an individual with mental illness, and that a full, meaningful life is possible despite illness (Anthony, 1993). The medical model emphasises the role of symptomatic improvements and functional status, and considers recovery as an 'outcome' or 'end state', at which point symptoms are remitted and community functioning is restored. In contrast, the recovery model underscores hope, empowerment, the self-management of illness and some aspects of community functioning, such as social support and role functioning, which operate in a non-linear fashion throughout the recovery journey.