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Related Concept Videos

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Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Traumatic Brain Injury12:28

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We present a protocol utilizing two-photon excitation time-lapse microscopy to simultaneously visualize the dynamics of axon and myelin injuries in real time. This proposed protocol permits studies of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors which can influence central myelinated axon fate after injury and contribute to permanent clinical disability.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Induction of Diffuse Axonal Brain Injury in Rats Based on Rotational Acceleration
06:14

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Brainstem Diffuse Axonal Injury and Consciousness.

Sukhwinder Sandhu1, Erik Soule2, Peter Fiester3

  • 1Department of Neuroradiology, Mayo Clinic, University of Florida Health, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.

Journal of Clinical Imaging Science
|September 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) from severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to poor outcomes. However, large, numerous pontine lesions may specifically predict worse neurological recovery in TBI patients.

Keywords:
Ascending reticular activating systemConsciousnessDiffuse axonal injuryMagnetic resonance imagingTraumatic brain injury

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An Ex Vivo Laser-induced Spinal Cord Injury Model to Assess Mechanisms of Axonal Degeneration in Real-time
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Trauma Surgery

Background:

  • Severe traumatic brain injuries (TBI), often from motor vehicle accidents, can cause death and disability.
  • Diffuse axonal injury (DAI), resulting from shearing forces, is a major cause of TBI-related morbidity.
  • Extensive DAI is typically a poor prognostic indicator for neurological recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between the characteristics of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) lesions in the brainstem and neurological outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  • To determine if specific lesion patterns, such as size and location, correlate with patient recovery after TBI.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of MRI scans from 100 TBI patients at a tertiary trauma center.
  • Two neuroradiologists assessed DAI lesion size, brainstem location, and number of lesions.
  • Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores and other neurological injuries were recorded.

Main Results:

  • Twenty patients with DAI and brainstem lesions were identified.
  • Eight patients with DAI and brainstem lesions recovered to a GCS of 14-15.
  • Twelve patients with reduced consciousness (average GCS 7.1) had larger, more numerous DAI lesions, particularly in the dorsal pons.

Conclusions:

  • The presence of large and numerous pontine lesions in DAI patients may indicate a worse neurological outcome.
  • These findings suggest that specific patterns of DAI in the brainstem can help predict TBI patient recovery.