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Related Concept Videos

Plant Hormones01:56

Plant Hormones

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Plant hormones—or phytohormones—are chemical molecules that modulate one or more physiological processes of a plant. In animals, hormones are often produced in specific glands and circulated via the circulatory system. However, plants lack hormone-producing glands.
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Tonicity in Plants00:53

Tonicity in Plants

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Tonicity describes the capacity of a cell to lose or gain water. It depends on the quantity of solute that does not penetrate the membrane. Tonicity delimits the magnitude and direction of osmosis and results in three possible scenarios that alter the volume of a cell: hypertonicity, hypotonicity, and isotonicity. Due to differences in structure and physiology, tonicity of plant cells is different from that of animal cells in some scenarios.
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Plant Cell Wall02:43

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The plant cell wall gives plant cells shape, support, and protection. As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to the cell type. For example, the parenchyma cells of leaves possess only a thin, primary cell wall.
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Plant Cells and Tissues02:01

Plant Cells and Tissues

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Plant tissues are collections of similar cells performing related functions. Different plant tissues will have their own specialized roles and can be combined with other tissues to form organs such as flowers, fruit, stem, and leaves. Two major types of plant tissue include meristematic and permanent tissue.
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Plant Breeding and Biotechnology01:59

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Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
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Meristems and Plant Growth02:36

Meristems and Plant Growth

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Plants grow throughout their lives; this is called indeterminate growth, and it distinguishes plants from most animals. Although certain parts of plants stop growing (e.g., leaves and flowers), others grow continuously—like roots and stems.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Transmitting Plant Viruses Using Whiteflies
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Transmitting Plant Viruses Using Whiteflies

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Dissecting the plant exocyst.

Bushra Saeed1, Carla Brillada1, Marco Trujillo1

  • 1Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.

Current Opinion in Plant Biology
|September 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The exocyst complex tethers vesicles to the plasma membrane for secretion. Recent research highlights its roles in conventional and unconventional pathways, revealing conserved and unique features in plants.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • The exocyst complex is crucial for tethering post-Golgi vesicles to the plasma membrane, regulating exocytosis.
  • It plays a role in conventional secretion and is increasingly implicated in unconventional pathways and autophagy.
  • The exocyst interacts with numerous proteins and phospholipids, indicating complex regulatory roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent molecular findings on the exocyst complex.
  • To compare conserved and unique features of the plant exocyst with those in yeast and animals.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on the exocyst complex.
  • Comparative analysis of exocyst structures and functions across species.

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The Plant Infection Test: Spray and Wound-Mediated Inoculation with the Plant Pathogen Magnaporthe Grisea
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Confocal Live Imaging of Shoot Apical Meristems from Different Plant Species
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Confocal Live Imaging of Shoot Apical Meristems from Different Plant Species

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Main Results:

  • The exocyst exhibits conserved functions in vesicle tethering and exocytosis regulation across eukaryotes.
  • Plant exocysts display unique characteristics, suggesting specialized roles in plant cellular processes.
  • The exocyst's interactions highlight its integration into complex cellular signaling networks.

Conclusions:

  • The exocyst is a versatile molecular machine with conserved and divergent features.
  • Further molecular investigation is needed to fully understand the exocyst's multifaceted roles, particularly in plants.