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A quantitative evaluation method for wastewater toxicity based on a microbial fuel cell.

Hongbin Lu1, Yin Yu2, Yuexi Zhou2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Research Center of Water Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100875, China.

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
|September 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A novel microbial fuel cell (MFC) system rapidly quantifies wastewater toxicity. This system establishes a direct relationship between voltage changes and formaldehyde concentration for quick toxic event response.

Keywords:
FormaldehydeMicrobial fuel cellQuantitative evaluationToxicity

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Wastewater toxicity events require rapid detection and response.
  • Existing toxicity assessment methods can be time-consuming.
  • Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) offer potential for real-time biosensing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a microbial fuel cell (MFC) based system for rapid quantitative toxicity assessment of wastewater.
  • To establish a dose-response relationship between formaldehyde concentration and MFC voltage output.
  • To enable quick identification of toxic wastewater components during industrial incidents.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) toxicity biomonitoring system.
  • Introduction of varying formaldehyde concentrations into the MFC anode chamber.
  • Analysis of voltage changes and establishment of a linear slope-voltage relationship.
  • Dose-response fitting to correlate voltage drop slope with formaldehyde concentration.

Main Results:

  • A clear relationship was established between the linear slope of voltage drop and formaldehyde concentration.
  • The MFC system achieved a minimum detection limit of 13 mg/L formaldehyde equivalents.
  • Increased wastewater toxicity allowed for reduced detection times, as low as 921 seconds.
  • Detection errors ranged from 3-12 mg/L.
  • Oxidized tail gas scrubber wastewater was identified as a primary toxic component in a phenol acetone plant.

Conclusions:

  • The developed MFC system provides a rapid and quantitative method for wastewater toxicity biomonitoring.
  • The established formaldehyde-equivalent concentration allows for effective risk assessment during toxic events.
  • This technology can be applied to identify specific toxic wastewater sources in industrial settings.