Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Field Effect Transistor01:29

Field Effect Transistor

1.1K
Field-effect transistors (FETs) are integral to electronic circuits and distinguished by their three-terminal setup: the gate, drain, and source. These transistors operate as unipolar devices, which utilize either electrons or holes as charge carriers, in contrast to bipolar transistors, which use both types of carriers. The primary function of the FET is to modulate the flow of these carriers from the source to the drain through a channel. The voltage difference between the gate and source...
1.1K
A Method for High Fidelity Optogenetic Control of Individual Pyramidal Neurons In vivo13:44

A Method for High Fidelity Optogenetic Control of Individual Pyramidal Neurons In vivo

19.5K
The recent development of neuroscience tools that combine genetics and optics, termed "optogenetics", enables control over neural circuit activity with an unprecedented level of spatial and temporal resolution. Here we provide a protocol for integrating in vivo recording with optogenetic manipulation of genetically-defined subsets of prefrontal cortical and subicular pyramidal...
19.5K
Bipolar Junction Transistor01:22

Bipolar Junction Transistor

1.4K
Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) are essential elements in electronic circuits, playing a crucial role in the functionality of amplifiers, memories, and microprocessors. These transistors can be designed as NPN or PNP based on their doping patterns. They consist of three layers: the emitter, base, and collector. The configuration of these layers and their respective doping levels—with N-type or P-type impurities—define the transistor's type and its operational...
1.4K
Random Error01:04

Random Error

8.8K
Random or indeterminate errors originate from various uncontrollable variables, such as variations in environmental conditions, instrument imperfections, or the inherent variability of the phenomena being measured. Usually, these errors cannot be predicted, estimated, or characterized because their direction and magnitude often vary in magnitude and direction even during consecutive measurements. As a result, they are difficult to eliminate. However, the aggregate effect of these errors can be...
8.8K
Random Variables01:09

Random Variables

17.4K
A random variable is a single numerical value that indicates the outcome of a procedure. The concept of random variables is fundamental to the probability theory and was introduced by a Russian mathematician, Pafnuty Chebyshev, in the mid-nineteenth century.
Uppercase letters such as X or Y denote a random variable. Lowercase letters like x or y denote the value of a random variable. If X is a random variable, then X is written in words, and x is given as a number.
For example, let X = the...
17.4K
Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

8.9K
The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
8.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Th17 cell mediated oligodendrocyte precursor cell arrest drives hippocampal demyelination in diabetic cognitive dysfunction.

Clinical science (London, England : 1979)·2026
Same author

Reconciling the reactivity-biocompatibility trade-off in nanoscale zero-valent iron with an amorphous core and pseudocapacitive biointerface for enhanced anaerobic methanogenesis.

Water research·2026
Same author

Electron Transfer Mediator-Enabled Modular Control of <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> <sup>•-</sup> Generation in Porphyrin Supramolecular Frameworks for Selective Photosynthesis.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

3-Methyladenine administration alleviates cognitive and memory dysfunction in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder by modulating autophagy.

Psychopharmacology·2026
Same author

YAP1 inhibition protects retinal vascular endothelial cells under high glucose by inhibiting autophagy.

Open life sciences·2025
Same author

Entanglement concentration of high-dimensional unknown partially entangled state.

Optics express·2025
Same journal

Denoising algorithm of Φ-OTDR systems based on adaptive fractional wavelet transform denoising.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Millisecond photon-to-photon latency and high-speed volumetric projection system for optogenetics.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Polarization-encoded coaxial structured light for high-precision 3D surface profilometry.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Discrete freeform optical design based on collaborative optimization of point cloud and local normals.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Ultrafast ghost imaging with 25 GHz speckle switching and wavelength-division multiplexing.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Atomic vapor cells fabricated by femtosecond laser welding of standard-optical-quality glass.

Optics express·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

A Method for High Fidelity Optogenetic Control of Individual Pyramidal Neurons In vivo
13:44

A Method for High Fidelity Optogenetic Control of Individual Pyramidal Neurons In vivo

Published on: September 2, 2013

19.5K

Hyperparallel transistor, router and dynamic random access memory with unity fidelities.

Ji-Zhen Liu, Ning-Yang Chen, Wen-Qiang Liu

    Optics Express
    |September 13, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed hyperparallel optical elements, including quantum transistors and routers, achieving unity fidelities. These designs leverage photon polarization and spatial properties for enhanced quantum computing and communication efficiency.

    More Related Videos

    The Effect of Anodization Parameters on the Aluminum Oxide Dielectric Layer of Thin-Film Transistors
    12:32

    The Effect of Anodization Parameters on the Aluminum Oxide Dielectric Layer of Thin-Film Transistors

    Published on: May 24, 2020

    9.2K
    A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
    09:13

    A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

    Published on: May 16, 2017

    12.0K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jan 19, 2026

    A Method for High Fidelity Optogenetic Control of Individual Pyramidal Neurons In vivo
    13:44

    A Method for High Fidelity Optogenetic Control of Individual Pyramidal Neurons In vivo

    Published on: September 2, 2013

    19.5K
    The Effect of Anodization Parameters on the Aluminum Oxide Dielectric Layer of Thin-Film Transistors
    12:32

    The Effect of Anodization Parameters on the Aluminum Oxide Dielectric Layer of Thin-Film Transistors

    Published on: May 24, 2020

    9.2K
    A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
    09:13

    A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

    Published on: May 16, 2017

    12.0K

    Area of Science:

    • Quantum optics
    • Quantum information processing
    • Nanophotonics

    Background:

    • Quantum optical elements are crucial for quantum information processing.
    • Existing designs face limitations due to side leakage and imperfect components.
    • Hyperparallelism offers a path to enhance efficiency and resource utilization.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To theoretically implement novel hyperparallel optical elements.
    • To address challenges like side leakage and birefringence in quantum dot-cavity systems.
    • To enhance parallel efficiency and channel capacity in quantum communication.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical implementation of quantum single photon transistor, router, and DRAM.
    • Utilizing polarization and spatial degrees of freedom (DOFs) of photons.
    • Accounting for inevitable side leakage and imperfect birefringence in quantum dot-cavity mediators.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved unity fidelities for the implemented optical elements.
    • Demonstrated robustness against side leakage and coupling strength limitations.
    • Hyperparallel constructions significantly improve parallel efficiency and channel capacity.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed hyperparallel optical elements offer a robust and efficient solution for quantum information processing.
    • These designs pave the way for advanced quantum computing and communication systems.
    • The approach conserves quantum resources and reduces operational time and environmental noise.