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Related Concept Videos

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Communication between two animals occurs when one animal transmits an information signal that causes a change in the animal that receives the information. Organisms communicate with one another in a host of different ways. Signals can be auditory, chemical, visual, tactile, or a combination of these. Communication is a critical behavioral adaptation that promotes survival, growth, and reproduction.
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Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Single-cell Microinjection for Cell Communication Analysis
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Optical communications downlink from a low-earth orbiting 1.5U CubeSat.

T S Rose, D W Rowen, S D LaLumondiere

    Optics Express
    |September 13, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study demonstrates the first optical communications downlink from a CubeSat in low-Earth orbit. The experiment achieved a 115-second data link at 200 Mbps, paving the way for future space-based optical networks.

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    Area of Science:

    • Space Communications
    • Optical Engineering
    • Satellite Technology

    Background:

    • CubeSats offer a cost-effective platform for space missions.
    • Optical communication links promise higher bandwidth than traditional radio frequency systems.
    • Previous demonstrations of space-to-ground optical links have faced challenges with pointing accuracy and atmospheric interference.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate the feasibility of a free-flying CubeSat performing an optical communications downlink.
    • To assess the performance of an optical link under real-world space-to-ground conditions.
    • To provide a foundation for future high-bandwidth satellite communication systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Two 1.5U CubeSats (AC7-B&C) were launched into a 450-km circular orbit.
    • On-off key (OOK) modulated pseudorandom data streams were transmitted from a CubeSat.
    • A 40 cm aperture telescope at sea level received the optical signal.
    • Data transmission occurred at 200 Mbps without forward error correction (FEC).

    Main Results:

    • A 115-second optical communications link was established from a CubeSat to a ground station.
    • The link achieved approximately 78% error-free data transmission.
    • The remaining data exhibited an error rate below 1E-5.
    • The laser transmitter operated at 2 W with a beam divergence of ~1 mrad.

    Conclusions:

    • The successful demonstration validates CubeSat platforms for optical downlinks.
    • This achievement represents a significant step towards high-speed satellite communication networks.
    • Further research should focus on improving pointing accuracy and employing FEC for enhanced reliability.