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Related Concept Videos

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor
07:28

Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor

Published on: August 30, 2012

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ZnO indiffused MgO:PPLN ridge waveguides.

Lewis G Carpenter, Sam A Berry, Rex H S Bannerman

    Optics Express
    |September 13, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    We developed novel MgO:PPLN ridge waveguides using zinc oxide indiffusion and ductile dicing. These devices achieve high efficiency for second harmonic generation (SHG), enabling efficient coupling to telecommunication fibers.

    Area of Science:

    • Nonlinear optics
    • Materials science
    • Photonics

    Background:

    • MgO:PPLN (periodically poled lithium niobate doped with magnesium oxide) is a key material for nonlinear optical frequency conversion.
    • Efficient fabrication of high-quality waveguides is crucial for integrated photonic devices.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate the first MgO:PPLN ridge waveguides fabricated using ZnO indiffusion and ductile regime dicing.
    • To characterize the performance of these waveguides for second harmonic generation (SHG).

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of planar MgO:PPLN waveguides.
    • Utilizing ductile regime dicing for waveguide formation.
    • Characterization of spectral profile and pump mode.
    • Measurement of second harmonic generation (SHG) conversion efficiency.

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    Main Results:

    • Achieved near-symmetric sinc² spectral profile, indicating uniform 40 mm long devices.
    • Obtained a near-circular pump mode for efficient coupling to single-mode telecommunication fibers.
    • Measured a high conversion efficiency of 145%/W for 1560-780 nm SHG.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed fabrication process is suitable for producing high-performance MgO:PPLN ridge waveguides.
    • These waveguides offer excellent potential for integrated nonlinear optical applications, particularly in frequency conversion.