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Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection
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Self referencing attosecond interferometer with zeptosecond precision.

Jan Tross, Georgios Kolliopoulos, Carlos A Trallero-Herrero

    Optics Express
    |September 13, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers developed a novel method for generating two intense, ultrafast laser pulses, enabling attosecond resolution measurements. This technique provides unprecedented precision for studying high harmonic generation and performing stable pump-probe experiments.

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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum Optics
    • Attosecond Science
    • Laser Physics

    Background:

    • High harmonic generation (HHG) produces ultrashort pulses essential for probing ultrafast dynamics.
    • Precise control and measurement of attosecond pulses are crucial for advancing ultrafast science.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a method for generating two intense, ultrafast laser pulses for controlled interferometric measurements.
    • To achieve high-resolution (12.8 attoseconds) and high-precision (680 zeptoseconds) measurements of HHG pulses.
    • To create a stable common-path interferometer for attosecond pulses.

    Main Methods:

    • Generating two replicas of a driving femtosecond pulse that converge at two foci.
    • Utilizing high harmonic generation to produce attosecond pulse trains from each focus.
    • Interfering the two attosecond pulse trains in the far field to create interference patterns.
    • Controlling the relative optical phase between the driving laser pulses to influence pulse delay.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved 12.8 attosecond resolution and 680 zeptosecond precision in HHG pulse measurements.
    • Generated a clear interference pattern in the extreme ultraviolet region.
    • Demonstrated a highly stable common-path interferometer for attosecond pulses, robust against environmental fluctuations.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed technique represents an ideal source for homodyne and heterodyne spectroscopic measurements with sub-attosecond precision.
    • This method enables highly stable and precise pump-probe experiments.
    • The common-path interferometer design offers significant advantages in stability for attosecond pulse manipulation and measurement.