Prison Addiction Program and the Role of Integrative Treatment and Program Completion on Recidivism

This study examines whether there is variability between the effects of three different drug rehabilitation programs operating in the Israeli Prison Service (IPS) on completers' recidivism. By performing comparative analysis, this study attempts to address the problem of assessing the role of participants' motivation. The study uses a rich administrative data obtained from the IPS system to develop a propensity score matching (PSM) approach where the treatment groups consist of only those who completed the programs, and the comparison groups consist of drug-addicted prisoners who have not taken part in any drug rehabilitation program. After matching, prisoners in the treatment and comparison groups are found to be similar on all known characteristics. Findings show that the only rehabilitation program that promised significant and positive outcomes for its completers was the more comprehensive one operating at Hermon Prison. Prisoners who completed the treatment were incarcerated and arrested less than their comparison group. The "golden strategy" for rehabilitating drug-using prisoners, then, will be twofold. The program should be based on the promising components of rehabilitation, that is, cognitive behavioral therapy, therapeutic community, long duration, intensity, and positive social climate. The program should also succeed in retaining its participants through completion.