Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

111.6K
The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
111.6K
Ultra-High-Speed Western Blot using Immunoreaction Enhancing Technology05:59

Ultra-High-Speed Western Blot using Immunoreaction Enhancing Technology

6.5K
An ultra-high-speed western blotting technique is developed by improving the kinetics of antigen-antibody binding through cyclic draining and replenishing (CDR) technology in conjunction with an immunoreaction enhancing...
6.5K
Cyclic Voltammetry (CV)08:37

Cyclic Voltammetry (CV)

129.7K
Source: Laboratory of Dr. Kayla Green — Texas Christian University
A Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) experiment involves the scan of a range of potential voltages while measuring current. In the CV experiment, the potential of an immersed, stationary electrode is scanned from a predetermined starting potential to a final value (called the switching potential) and then the reverse scan is obtained. This gives a 'cyclic' sweep of potentials and the current vs. potential curve derived from...
129.7K
Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

146.3K
The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
146.3K
Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds02:33

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds

10.9K
In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...
10.9K
Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

196.6K
In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
196.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Harmonizing standards and resources for the medical genome.

Nature·2026
Same author

Directed evolution of compact RNA-guided nucleases for enhanced activity in mammalian cells.

Genome biology·2026
Same author

A three-groups non-local model for combining heterogeneous data sources to identify genes associated with Parkinson's disease.

Biometrics·2026
Same author

Polyadenylation of insulin mRNA by Tent5a regulates pancreatic beta cells.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Arrayed dual-gRNA CRISPR screening platform for <i>C9orf72</i> repeat expansion excision in patient iPSCs.

Molecular therapy. Advances·2026
Same author

Comparative analysis of NSG and NBSGW mice for preclinical evaluation of gene-modified human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.

Stem cell research & therapy·2026
Same journal

Daily briefing: 'Cyborg' cockroaches breathe underwater with printed suit.

Nature·2026
Same journal

China boosts prestigious grants for young scientists - will it ease competition?

Nature·2026
Same journal

Incoming US science academy chief vows to 'double down' on research.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Author Correction: Synthesis of enantioenriched atropisomers by biocatalytic deracemization.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Electrodeposited self-assembled molecules for perovskite photovoltaics.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Neutrino's nursery found: the 'Shadow Blaster'.

Nature·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Ultra-High-Speed Western Blot using Immunoreaction Enhancing Technology
05:59

Ultra-High-Speed Western Blot using Immunoreaction Enhancing Technology

Published on: September 26, 2020

6.5K

SLC19A1 transports immunoreactive cyclic dinucleotides.

Rutger D Luteijn1, Shivam A Zaver2, Benjamin G Gowen3,4

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Cancer Research Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.

Nature
|September 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified the reduced folate carrier SLC19A1 as the primary transporter for cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) into cells. This discovery impacts understanding of immune responses, cancer immunotherapy, and inflammatory diseases.

More Related Videos

Cyclic Voltammetry CV: Measuring Redox Potentials and Currents
08:37

Cyclic Voltammetry CV: Measuring Redox Potentials and Currents

Published on: April 30, 2023

129.7K
Electron Transport Chain, Ubiquinone and Cytochrome C
01:28

Electron Transport Chain, Ubiquinone and Cytochrome C

111.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Ultra-High-Speed Western Blot using Immunoreaction Enhancing Technology
05:59

Ultra-High-Speed Western Blot using Immunoreaction Enhancing Technology

Published on: September 26, 2020

6.5K
Cyclic Voltammetry CV: Measuring Redox Potentials and Currents
08:37

Cyclic Voltammetry CV: Measuring Redox Potentials and Currents

Published on: April 30, 2023

129.7K
Electron Transport Chain, Ubiquinone and Cytochrome C
01:28

Electron Transport Chain, Ubiquinone and Cytochrome C

111.6K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cytosolic DNA accumulation signals infection, cancer, and DNA damage, activating the cGAS-STING pathway.
  • Activation of cGAS by DNA synthesizes cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (2'3'-cGAMP), a second messenger.
  • 2'3'-cGAMP activates STING, leading to IRF3 and NF-κB activation and type I interferon production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the mechanism by which cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) cross the cell membrane.
  • To understand the transport of exogenous CDNs crucial for STING pathway activation in target cells.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide CRISPR-interference screen to identify CDN transporters.
  • Depletion and overexpression of candidate transporters in human cells.
  • Assessment of CDN uptake and functional responses in various cell types.

Main Results:

  • The reduced folate carrier SLC19A1 was identified as the major transporter of CDNs.
  • Depletion of SLC19A1 inhibited CDN uptake and functional responses.
  • Overexpression of SLC19A1 enhanced CDN uptake and responses.
  • Folate, sulfasalazine, and methotrexate inhibited CDN uptake in human cells.

Conclusions:

  • SLC19A1 is the primary transporter responsible for cellular uptake of CDNs.
  • This finding has significant implications for cancer immunotherapy, host response to pathogens, and inflammatory diseases.