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Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
Published on: March 17, 2023
The rebel thyroid of a revolutionary First Lady
1Endocrinology, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122, Catania, Italy. mruss@hotmail.it.
Abstract:
Nadezda Krupskaya, the revolutionary Russian and Lenin's wife, was affected by Graves' disease and many photos and portraits, including the painting of 1933 by Ivan Vladimirovich Kosmin, highlight evident goiter and exoftalmos. To treat Graves' disease, Krupskaya underwent to surgery performed by Theodor Kocher, considered the father of the modern thyroid surgery.
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