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Updated: Jan 19, 2026

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Sex Differences in Functional Brain Networks for Language.

Min Xu1,2, Xiuling Liang1,2,3, Jian Ou1,2,3

  • 1Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|September 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Men and women exhibit distinct brain connectivity patterns during language processing. These sex-specific functional brain networks offer a neural basis for observed differences in language tasks and may impact language disorder prevalence.

Keywords:
brain networkslanguagemachine learningsex differences

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • While behavioral differences in language processing between sexes are noted, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Previous studies on sex differences in brain activation during language tasks yielded inconsistent results.
  • Emerging brain network analysis techniques offer new avenues to explore subtle sex-related functional connectivity variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex differences in functional brain network interactions during language processing.
  • To test the hypothesis that functional connectivity within and between language networks differs between males and females.
  • To identify neural correlates of sex-specific language processing.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed to measure brain activity in 58 participants (28 males, 30 females) during a semantic decision task.
  • Advanced brain network analysis was used to examine dynamic interactions, functional segregation, and integration within language networks.
  • Machine learning algorithms were applied to multivariate patterns of functional connectivity to assess classification accuracy between sexes.

Main Results:

  • Significant sex differences were observed in the dynamic interactions among brain regions involved in language processing.
  • Males and females displayed distinct patterns of functional segregation and integration within brain networks during the language task.
  • Multivariate patterns of functional connectivity accurately distinguished between male and female participants, confirming robust sex-specific network differences.

Conclusions:

  • Functional brain connectivity during language processing exhibits significant sex-specific characteristics.
  • These neural network differences provide a potential biological basis for observed sex differences in language processing and may influence susceptibility to language disorders.
  • The findings highlight the importance of considering sex as a biological variable in neuroscience research and clinical applications related to language.