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Digit ratio (2D:4D) and its behavioral correlates in infant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Annika Paukner1

  • 1Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.

Developmental Psychobiology
|September 13, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Digit ratios (2D:4D) in infant rhesus macaques increased over the first month and correlated with behavior, but showed no sex differences. Further research is needed to understand prenatal androgen exposure and digit ratio development.

Area of Science:

  • Primate behavior
  • Developmental biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • The 2D:4D digit ratio is a proposed indicator of prenatal androgen exposure, with sex differences observed in adults.
  • Sex differences and behavioral associations of 2D:4D ratios in children are inconsistent.
  • Limited data exists on 2D:4D ratios in infant non-human primates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex differences in 2D:4D ratios during the first month of life in infant rhesus macaques.
  • To examine the association between 2D:4D ratios and behavioral outcomes (aggression, play) at 12-24 weeks of age.
  • To explore the developmental trajectory of 2D:4D ratios in early primate life.

Main Methods:

  • Measured 2D:4D ratios in 304 infant rhesus macaques over their first month of life.
  • Assessed behavioral outcomes, including aggression and play, between 12 and 24 weeks of age.
  • Analyzed data for sex differences in 2D:4D ratios and correlations with behavioral measures.

Main Results:

  • Observed an increase in 2D:4D ratios during the first month of life.
  • Found associations between 2D:4D ratios and aggression and play behaviors.
  • Did not find significant sex differences in 2D:4D ratios in infant rhesus macaques.

Conclusions:

  • 2D:4D ratios in infant macaques are dynamic and correlate with early behaviors.
  • The absence of sex differences in infancy suggests complex developmental processes.
  • Further longitudinal studies are crucial to understand the stability, predictive value, and mechanisms linking prenatal androgens, 2D:4D ratios, and behavior.

Keywords:
aggressiondigit ratioinfantplaysex differences

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