Risk stratification of systemic reactions to subcutaneous immunotherapy: A retrospective study

Area of Science:

• Allergy and Immunology
• Clinical Research

Background:

• Subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (SCIT) is effective but can cause local and systemic reactions (SRs).
• Identifying patient-specific risk factors for SRs is crucial for safe SCIT administration.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the incidence of SRs in patients undergoing SCIT.
• To identify patient demographic and clinical factors associated with an increased risk of SRs.

Main Methods:

• A 10-year retrospective chart review of 459 patients receiving SCIT.
• Patients were categorized into pediatric, adult, and senior age groups.
• Analysis of SR occurrence based on age, sex, allergy history, and allergen type.

Main Results:

• Overall, 24.8% of patients experienced at least one SR (177/459).
• The incidence of SR per injection was 0.2%.
• Female sex, history of food or drug allergies, and immunotherapy for cat/dog or dust mites were significant risk factors for SRs. No age-related differences were observed.

Conclusions:

• Female patients and those with a history of food or drug allergies are at higher risk for SRs during SCIT.
• SCIT for pet allergens or dust mites is associated with a greater likelihood of SRs.
• These findings aid in refining patient selection and monitoring for SCIT.