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Updated: Jan 19, 2026
Evolutionary History of Life on Earth
Facelift: History and Anatomy
Ali H Charafeddine1, Richard Drake2, Jennifer McBride2
1Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, P.C., 5333 McAuley Drive, Suite R5001, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA.
Abstract:
In this article, we review the history of the facelift operation and how it evolved from skin excision only to the modern superficial musculoaponeurotic system operation. We describe the critical surgical anatomy of the facial layers, retaining ligaments of the face, facial spaces, the 3-dimensional complex course of the facial nerve branches, and the pertinent anatomy of the neck. This article is supplemented by fresh cadaver anatomic dissections.
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