Voluntary behavior with the intent to help other people is called prosocial behavior. Why do people help other people? Is personal benefit such as feeling good about oneself the only reason people help one another?

The article describes a novel approach for analyzing dynamic online social interactions (in an online context) exemplified by a study of an online community of recovery from alcohol and drug...

Lattice Energy 

Energy Conservation

Polarimetry finds application in chemical kinetics to measure the concentration and reaction kinetics of optically active substances during a chemical reaction. Optically active substances have the capability of rotating the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light passing through them—a feature called optical rotation. Optical activity is attributed to the molecular structure of substances. Normal monochromatic light is unpolarized and possesses oscillations of the electrical...

Here, a normal-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography method is described to detect and quantify critical retinoids involved in the facilitation of visual function in both ocular and systemic tissue, in the context of the systemic vitamin A supply to generate the essential photosensitive rhodopsin chromophore...