Strategies to Reduce Perioperative Nephrotoxicity
1Division of Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Renal Unit, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, United Kingdom.
Seminars in Nephrology
|September 14, 2019
Summary
Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common surgical complication. This review details risk factors and strategies to prevent AKI and reduce nephrotoxicity during the perioperative period.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Anesthesiology
- Surgical Sciences
Background:
- Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication following surgery.
- AKI is linked to increased patient morbidity and mortality.
- Numerous factors contribute to perioperative AKI, including medications, hypotension, and surgical stress.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pathogenesis and risk factors of postoperative AKI.
- To highlight the cumulative impact of perioperative nephrotoxic exposures.
- To outline strategies for reducing perioperative nephrotoxicity and preventing AKI.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on perioperative AKI.
- Analysis of risk factors and nephrotoxic exposures.
- Synthesis of current evidence on prevention strategies.
Main Results:
- Perioperative AKI is multifactorial, involving patient-specific and surgery-related elements.
- Nephrotoxic medications, contrast agents, and hemodynamic instability are key contributors.
- Cumulative exposure to nephrotoxins significantly increases AKI risk.
Conclusions:
- Understanding perioperative nephrotoxicity is crucial for AKI prevention.
- Implementing targeted strategies can mitigate the risk of AKI.
- Reducing nephrotoxic exposures is essential for improving surgical outcomes.
Related Concept Videos
13:37A Mouse Tumor Model of Surgical Stress to Explore the Mechanisms of Postoperative Immunosuppression and Evaluate Novel Perioperative Immunotherapies
30.5K
A mouse tumor model of surgical stress is used to explore how postoperative immune suppression promotes metastatic disease and to evaluate immunostimulatory perioperative...
30.5K
01:18Reducing Line Loss
368
In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
With a step-up transformer at the source, the voltage is increased, thereby reducing the current in the transmission lines since power loss in...
With a step-up transformer at the source, the voltage is increased, thereby reducing the current in the transmission lines since power loss in...
368
04:18Intravenous Microinjection of Nephrotoxins into Zebrafish Embryo: A Technique to Deliver Nephrotoxic Agents into the Bloodstream of Zebrafish Embryo
2.9K
This video demonstrates the intravenous microinjection of nephrotoxins into the tail vein of a zebrafish embryo to study their chemical effects on renal...
2.9K
10:19Reducing Agents
44.3K
Source: Vy M. Dong and Daniel Kim, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA
Controlling the reactivity and selectivity during the synthesis of a molecule is very important criteria for chemists. This has led to the development of many reagents that allow chemists to pick and choose reagents suitable for a given task. Quite often, a balance between reactivity and selectivity needs to be achieved. This experiment will use IR spectroscopy to monitor the reaction and to...
Controlling the reactivity and selectivity during the synthesis of a molecule is very important criteria for chemists. This has led to the development of many reagents that allow chemists to pick and choose reagents suitable for a given task. Quite often, a balance between reactivity and selectivity needs to be achieved. This experiment will use IR spectroscopy to monitor the reaction and to...
44.3K
01:22Methods of reducing fever
1.2K
The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
1.2K
01:57Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss
27.9K
Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
27.9K