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The Development and Validation of the Compassion Scale.

Elizabeth Pommier1, Kristin D Neff1, István Tóth-Király2

  • 1University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.

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|September 14, 2019
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Summary

This study introduces the Compassion Scale (CS) to measure compassion for others, operationalized as kindness, common humanity, mindfulness, and reduced indifference to suffering. The scale demonstrates strong reliability and validity across diverse samples.

Keywords:
Compassion ScaleSelf-Compassion Scalebifactor analysescompassionexploratory structural equation modelingself-compassion

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Area of Science:

  • Psychological Measurement
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Self-compassion research has advanced, but a comprehensive measure for compassion towards others is lacking.
  • Neff's theoretical model provides a foundation for understanding compassion as distinct from self-compassion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate the Compassion Scale (CS) as a reliable and valid measure of compassion for others.
  • To operationalize compassion through kindness, common humanity, mindfulness, and reduced indifference to suffering.

Main Methods:

  • Scale development involved item generation and selection using bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM).
  • Validation included cross-validation in student and community samples, test-retest reliability assessment, and known-groups validity.
  • Diverse samples were utilized, including students, general community members, and meditators.

Main Results:

  • The final 16-item Compassion Scale (CS) demonstrated strong internal consistency and test-retest reliability.
  • Evidence supported the CS's discriminant, convergent, construct, and known-groups validity.
  • The scale's structure and psychometric properties were replicated across multiple studies and diverse populations.

Conclusions:

  • The Compassion Scale (CS) is a psychometrically sound measure for assessing compassion towards others.
  • The CS provides a valuable tool for researchers and clinicians studying compassion in various contexts.
  • Findings support the multidimensional nature of compassion for others, aligning with theoretical models.