Dichotomy of exosomes in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Prey or play!

Exosomes are nano-sized particles which belong to the family of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are produced in the endosomal compartment of those cells which mediate intercellular communication. These particles can be found abundantly in the biological body fluids such as urine, blood, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid and breast milk. These vesicles can transfer genetic materials such as the microRNAs, noncoding RNAs, DNA and lipids by means of direct or indirect cell-to-cell interaction. Consequently, there has been lot of growing interest related to cancer exosomes as biomarkers and as potential therapeutics. There are studies done which demonstrate the exosomes in relation to cancer, by targeting specific cells and also promote the tumor progression. The other part of the spectrum has stressed the importance of exosomes stability and its potential role in targeting cancer cells through drug delivery system of anticancer molecules. The dichotomy allied with exosomes and their role in oral squamous cell carcinoma biomarkers or as therapy enhancement will be highlighted.