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Related Concept Videos

A Simple Cell-based Immunofluorescence Assay to Detect Autoantibody Against the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor in Blood07:20

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We ectopically expressed NR1 subunit of NMDA receptor tagged with green fluorescent protein in human embryonic cells (HEK293) as antigen to detect autoantibodies against NMDA receptor in the blood of patients suspected with autoimmune encephalitis. This simple method may be suitable for screening purposes in clinical...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

A Simple Cell-based Immunofluorescence Assay to Detect Autoantibody Against the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate NMDA Receptor in Blood
07:20

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Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a case study and illness overview.

Brian Ford1, Alex McDonald2, Shilpa Srinivasan3

  • 1PGY-4 Resident Psychiatrist, Palmetto Health-University of South Carolina Psychiatry Residency Program, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.

Drugs in Context
|September 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Anti-N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis can mimic psychiatric disorders, delaying diagnosis. Early detection through cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) antibody testing and prompt immunotherapy are crucial for managing this autoimmune condition.

Keywords:
NMDAanti-NMDARautoimmune encephalitisencephalitis

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 19, 2026

A Simple Cell-based Immunofluorescence Assay to Detect Autoantibody Against the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate NMDA Receptor in Blood
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A High-throughput Calcium-flux Assay to Study NMDA-receptors with Sensitivity to Glycine/D-serine and Glutamate
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A High-throughput Calcium-flux Assay to Study NMDA-receptors with Sensitivity to Glycine/D-serine and Glutamate

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Application of a NMDA Receptor Conductance in Rat Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons Using the Dynamic Clamp Technique
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Anti-N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a common autoimmune neurological disorder.
  • Its varied clinical presentation and complex course can lead to diagnostic delays.
  • The mild encephalitis (ME) hypothesis links neuroinflammation in anti-NMDAR encephalitis to psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
  • To emphasize the overlap in symptoms with psychiatric conditions.
  • To review diagnostic methods and management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical evaluation including neurological and psychiatric assessments.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis for antibodies, pleocytosis, and oligoclonal bands.
  • Serum antibody testing for anti-NMDAR antibodies.

Main Results:

  • Anti-NMDAR encephalitis symptoms can mimic schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.
  • CSF assays are more sensitive than serum assays for diagnostic confirmation.
  • The condition affects all ages, predominantly females, and can occur without paraneoplastic association.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis is critical due to its potential mimicry of psychiatric disorders.
  • CSF antibody testing is essential for confirming the diagnosis.
  • Treatment involves symptomatic management and immunotherapy.