Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

The protocol aims to provide a detailed description of the methodology for conducting an fNIRS hyperscanning study in psychological counseling. This includes the preparations for the experiment, the procedure for collecting data, and the subsequent data analysis...

Pupillometry to Assess Auditory Sensation in Guinea Pigs

Pupillometry to Assess Auditory Sensation in Guinea Pigs

Pupillometry, a simple and non-invasive technique, is proposed as a method to determine hearing-in-noise thresholds in normal hearing animals and animal models of various auditory...

The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress

The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress

This article describes a protocol for inducing psychological stress in participants, which enables researchers to measure psychological, physiological and neuroendocrine responses to stress within single participants or between...

Physiology of Respiration I: Functions of the Respiratory System

Physiology of Respiration I: Functions of the Respiratory System

The respiratory system is crucial for exchanging oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) between the atmosphere and the bloodstream, maintaining the body's balance. Beyond gas exchange, it helps regulate acid-base balance, purify inhaled air, and enable vocalization.
Fundamental Processes in Respiration:

Perspectives on Experimental Psychology

Perspectives on Experimental Psychology

Source: Laboratories of Gary Lewandowski, Dave Strohmetz, and Natalie Ciarocco—Monmouth University

Ethics in Psychology Research

Ethics in Psychology Research

Source: Laboratories of Gary Lewandowski, Dave Strohmetz, and Natalie Ciarocco—Monmouth University

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Pupil Size Reflects Trial-Level Variability in Imagery Vividness During Immersive Storytelling but Not (or Hardly) Individual Differences in Trait Imagery.

Psychophysiology·2026

Same author

Pupil size correlates with near-threshold detection performance irrespective of stimulus color, eccentricity, or retinal adaptation state.

Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance·2026

Same author

Attention modulates the effects of stimulus brightness and contrast on time perception.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2026

Same author

Subtle Gaze and Pupil Dynamics: Detecting Recognition of Familiar Faces with Moving Serial Visual Presentation.

Journal of cognition·2026

Same author

Stimuli are perceived as lasting longer when there is something bright on the screen.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2025

Same author

Effort drives saccade selection.

eLife·2025

Same journal

Orthographic Neighbourhood Size Effects in Chinese Character Recognition: Small, Inconsistent, and Theoretically Ambiguous.

Journal of cognition·2026

Same journal

The Role of Different Thoughts in Tacit Coordination and Its Malleability by Interventions.

Journal of cognition·2026

Same journal

The Impact of Prior Beliefs about Volatility on Adaptive Behavior.

Journal of cognition·2026

Same journal

Proactive Control of Emotional Information in Adult ADHD.

Journal of cognition·2026

Same journal

Knowledge Gap Illustrations Spark Curiosity.

Journal of cognition·2026

Same journal

Centre-of-Mass Confounds Contribute to Familiar Size Stroop Effects with Boger and Firestone's 'Visual Anagrams'.

Journal of cognition·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

Published on: January 17, 2025

Pupillometry: Psychology, Physiology, and Function.

Sebastiaan Mathôt¹

¹Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, NL.

Journal of Cognition

|September 14, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Pupil size changes automatically to improve vision. These pupil responses are linked to cognitive processes like attention and mental effort, aiding visual exploration.

Keywords:

eye movements orienting response psychosensory pupil response pupil light response pupil near response pupillometry

More Related Videos

Pupillometry to Assess Auditory Sensation in Guinea Pigs

Pupillometry to Assess Auditory Sensation in Guinea Pigs

Published on: January 6, 2023

The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress

The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress

Published on: October 19, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

Published on: January 17, 2025

Pupillometry to Assess Auditory Sensation in Guinea Pigs

Pupillometry to Assess Auditory Sensation in Guinea Pigs

Published on: January 6, 2023

The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress

The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress

Published on: October 19, 2011

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Ophthalmology
Cognitive Science

Background:

Pupils react to light, focus, and arousal.
These reactions influence visual perception and cognitive states.
Understanding pupil responses is key to visual processing.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the three main pupil responses.
To explore their connection to cognition and neural pathways.
To discuss the functional relevance of pupil size changes for vision.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on pupil responses.
Analysis of the neural control mechanisms.
Discussion of the functional significance for visual optimization.

Main Results:

Identified three distinct pupil responses: light, near, and arousal/effort.
Linked pupil size changes to high-level cognition and mental effort.
Explained how pupil responses optimize vision for acuity, depth of field, or sensitivity.

Conclusions:

Pupil responses are integral to active visual exploration.
They exhibit characteristics of both reflexive and voluntary actions.
Pupil size modulation serves to enhance visual performance in various situations.