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Related Concept Videos

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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The Evidence for Evolution02:55

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Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
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Here we report the generation of Tre recombinase through directed, molecular evolution. Tre recombinase recognizes a pre-defined target sequence within the LTR sequences of the HIV-1 provirus, resulting in the excision and eradication of the provirus from infected human cells. While still in its infancy, directed molecular evolution will allow the creation of custom enzymes that will serve as tools of molecular surgery and molecular...
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Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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How predictable is genome evolution?

Matthew J Coathup1, Owen G Osborne2, Vincent Savolainen1

  • 1Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park Campus, Imperial College London, Ascot, United Kingdom.

Elife
|September 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oceanic separation drives similar genomic divergence patterns in plant evolution. This suggests convergent evolution may shape plant genomes across vast geographical distances.

Keywords:
eastern Asia-eastern North America floristic disjunctionevolutionary biologygenetic divergencegenome evolutionplant biologypositive selectionspeciationtranscriptome sequencing

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Last Updated: Jan 19, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Botany

Background:

  • Geographic isolation is a key factor in speciation.
  • Understanding how populations adapt to different environments is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if similar genomic divergence patterns emerge in plant species separated by oceans.
  • To explore the role of geographic barriers in shaping plant evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomics analysis
  • Phylogenetic reconstruction
  • Analysis of genetic markers in oceanic-separated plant populations

Main Results:

  • Identified convergent patterns of genomic divergence across multiple plant lineages.
  • Genomic regions showing similar evolutionary trajectories in isolated populations were detected.
  • Evidence suggests similar adaptive pressures acting on geographically distant plant species.

Conclusions:

  • Oceanic barriers do not prevent similar evolutionary outcomes in plant genomes.
  • Convergent evolution plays a significant role in shaping the genomic landscape of plants separated by oceans.
  • These findings have implications for understanding plant biodiversity and adaptation.