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Related Concept Videos

Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers08:28

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Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers
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Second Generation G-Quadruplex Stabilizing Trimethine Cyanines.

Eric A Owens1,2, Hang T Huynh1, Ekaterina M Stroeva1

  • 1Department of Chemistry , Georgia State University , Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave SE. Atlanta Georgia 30303 , United States.

Bioconjugate Chemistry
|September 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New cyanine dyes targeting G-quadruplex DNA offer selective cancer chemotherapy with reduced toxicity. Second-generation asymmetric trimethine cyanines show enhanced binding and specificity for G-quadruplex structures.

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Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • G-quadruplex DNA is a promising target for selective cancer chemotherapeutics.
  • Cyanine dyes are attractive due to their G-quadruplex selectivity and structural tunability.
  • Previous work focused on pentamethine and symmetric trimethine cyanines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and evaluate a second generation of G-quadruplex-targeting cyanine dyes.
  • To investigate the impact of structural modifications on quadruplex binding affinity and specificity.
  • To develop novel chemotherapeutics with reduced off-target toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of asymmetric trimethine cyanine derivatives.
  • Evaluation of DNA binding properties using biophysical techniques.
  • Assessment of selectivity for G-quadruplex over duplex DNA.

Main Results:

  • Incorporation of a benz[c,d]indolenine unit enhanced G-quadruplex binding.
  • Elongating the alkyl chain length increased selectivity for G-quadruplex over duplex DNA.
  • Asymmetric trimethine cyanines demonstrated promising G-quadruplex binding and specificity.

Conclusions:

  • Asymmetric trimethine cyanines represent a promising class of G-quadruplex-targeting agents.
  • Structural modifications can fine-tune selectivity and efficacy for therapeutic applications.
  • These findings advance the development of G-quadruplex-based chemotherapeutics.