Correction to: Healthy knees have a highly variable patellofemoral alignment: a systematic review

Source: Robert E. Sallis, MD. Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, California, USA
The knee is a hinged joint that connects the femur with the tibia. It is the largest joint in the body, and due to its location in the middle of the lower leg, it is subjected to a variety of traumatic and degenerative forces. Examination of the knee can be quite complex, owing to the fact it is an inherently unstable joint held together by various ligaments and supported by menisci, which act as shock absorbers and...

Here the protocol describes arthrocentesis of the knee, a procedure in which a needle is inserted into the knee joint, and synovial fluid is aspirated. Synovial fluid may be removed for testing to determine the nature of the knee effusion. Arthrocentesis of the knee is typically performed with the patient supine.

Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs are an established animal model for osteoarthritis research. Such studies may benefit from intra-articular injections for various reasons, including investigating novel agents or treating disease. We describe a methodology for intra-articular knee injections in Guinea pigs and subsequent micro-computed tomography analysis assessing arthritis-associated knee changes.

Here, we present a protocol for surgical correction for pediatric epiblepharon and...

In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...

Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...